An a ? Z (almost) of Mortgages, Part 2

Investment Mortgage – More commonly known as a buy-to-let mortgage, this type of deal involves getting a mortgage on a property which you intend to rent out to someone else. Instead of being calculated according to your income, an investment mortgage is calculated based on the projected income from your investment, for example a house being rented out as student accommodation. A BTL mortgage deposit is typically 10%, and is available is a repayment or interest-only option.

Key Worker or Shared Ownership Mortgages – These are a newer type of deal which allows someone in rented accommodation from a Council or housing association to purchase part of the property they occupy, while still paying rent on the other half. This option is also available for ‘key workers’ such as nurses, teachers or police officers, who are typically on lower incomes. First-time buyers can also benefit from these schemes, as there are some which allow part-purchase of new homes from participating builders.

Offset Mortgage – If you have substantial savings, an offset mortgage can be a great way to keep your repayments to a minimum. It takes the amount you have in a savings account and counts this towards you total mortgage debt and therefore reduces the amount you owe. When you earn interest on your cash savings, you avoid paying interest on the equivalent amount of your mortgage. The principle is similar to a current account, or combined mortgage (see part 1).

Overseas Mortgage – This is self-explanatory; it’s a mortgage you take out on a property abroad. It typically involves more work and potentially higher admin costs, and of course if you’re planning on renting out the property to tourists you need to make sure the demand is there. But if you choose the location carefully you could reap the rewards and recoup your initial costs. Different countries have different property laws so you’re better off consulting with a specialist overseas mortgage broker before making any final decisions.

Pension Mortgage – This is a form of endowment mortgage, with the repayments going towards paying the interest each month. But instead of investing directly in shares, a pension mortgage requires you to pay an additional sum into a pension plan to cover the capital at the end of the term. This is still tied to the Stock Market and therefore cannot guarantee to cover the whole capital at the end. Payments into the pension plan must be kept up regardless of other financial hardships if the final sum is to stand a chance of clearing your capital, but as a pension plan is not legally accessible until after the age of 55, some of the temptation to spend it is removed. One major disadvantage this has over a repayment mortgage is that there is no opt-out; you’re tied to the deal until you reach retirement age. Potentially this could mean a term much longer than the standard 25 years, and therefore more interest would be paid.

Repayment Mortgage – We come to the mainstay of the mortgage industry, and the most common type of deal. A repayment mortgage is the only way you are guaranteed to have full ownership of a property at the end of the term, provided you’ve kept up with repayments. The amount you pay each month on this type of mortgage is used to pay off part of the interest and part of the capital, so there is nothing left to pay at the end of the mortgage period. The early years of a repayment mortgage are mainly spent paying off the interest and only a small amount of the capital, but this is often preferable to other types where you pay off nothing but the interest.

Remortgage – If you’re part-way through paying off your mortgage, and find you need a large amount of cash for repairs, renovations or perhaps even a holiday or wedding, you could remortgage your home and release some of the equity on it. This often involves switching lenders to find a better deal i.e. a lower interest rate, or perhaps taking out a new mortgage for the full property value and using this cash to pay off your current, lower, one. But be careful if you decide to do this, as there may be an early repayment penalty on your existing mortgage.

Self-certification Mortgage – Often assumed to be only for the self-employed, this type of mortgage is useful for anyone who cannot guarantee or prove an exact income amount or do not wish to disclose their total annual salary. People such as seasonal workers or freelancers, or perhaps company directors who do not have a fixed annual salary are all eligible for a self-certification mortgage. Other than the standard credit checks, there are no checks made on your financial status, income or employment record, so it stands to reason that a good credit rating is necessary for this mortgage.

Standard Variable Rate Mortgage – An extremely common type of mortgage, this takes its interest rates from the base rate like a tracker mortgage, but charges a higher additional percentage. So, the interest rate you pay will fluctuate when the base rate does, but you may pay 2% over instead of 0.75% (see part 1 of this guide for more details on base rate tracker mortgages). In addition, any drops in the base rate won’t necessarily pass benefits to you straight away, as the interest on these mortgages tends to be calculated monthly or annual rather than daily. Those with poor credit scores will end up paying a higher additional percentage than those with good credit histories.

It’s important to remember than none of these mortgages are mutually exclusive. For example, you could have overseas mortgages with capped rates, or remortgage from a tracker base rate to a standard variable rate. In all circumstances, it’s best to seek expert advice and shop around for the best rates.